Yuvijen
UGC NET Commerce
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Syllabus
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I : Business Environment and International Business
Business Environment and International Trade
1
Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment — Economic systems, Economic policies (Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment — Role of government in business; Legal environment — Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
2
Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business
3
Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy
4
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy
Balance of Payments and Global Institutions
5
Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
6
Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
7
International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
8
World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS
II : Accounting and Auditing
Accounting Foundations
9
Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates
10
Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms
11
Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
12
Holding company accounts
Cost, Management and Specialised Accounting
13
Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT
14
Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis
15
Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Standards and Auditing
16
Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
17
Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
18
Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit
III : Business Economics
Demand and Consumer Behaviour
19
Meaning and scope of business economics
20
Objectives of business firms
21
Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR
22
Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
Cost, Market Structure and Pricing
23
Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
24
Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves
25
Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
26
Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing
IV : Business Finance
Foundations of Business Finance
27
Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
28
Cost of capital and time value of money
29
Capital structure
Investment, Working Capital and Risk
30
Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis
31
Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies
32
Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
International Financial Management
33
International monetary system
34
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
35
International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
36
International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting
V : Business Statistics and Research Methods
Descriptive Statistics
37
Measures of central tendency
38
Measures of dispersion
39
Measures of skewness
40
Correlation and regression of two variables
Probability and Distributions
41
Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem
42
Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
Research Methods
43
Research: Concept and types; Research designs
44
Data: Collection and classification of data
45
Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation
46
Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
47
Report writing
VI : Business Management and Human Resource Management
Management Foundations
48
Principles and functions of management
49
Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control
50
Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization
51
Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
52
Corporate governance and business ethics
HRM Functions
53
Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning
54
Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits
55
Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal
56
Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management
Organisational Behaviour
57
Personality; Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
58
Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change
VII : Banking and Financial Institutions
Banks and the Reserve Bank of India
59
Overview of Indian financial system
60
Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks
61
Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management
62
Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management
Markets, Institutions and Regulators
63
Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market
64
Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds
65
Financial Regulators in India
66
Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion
Digitisation and Insurance
67
Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems
68
Insurance: Types of insurance — Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance — IRDA and its role
VIII : Marketing Management
Marketing Mix
69
Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning
70
Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development
71
Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies
72
Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods — Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix
73
Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management
Consumer and Service Marketing
74
Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions
75
Service marketing
Trends and Logistics
76
Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
77
Logistics management
IX : Legal Aspects of Business
Contract and Commercial Law
78
Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts
79
Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency
80
Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
81
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
Company and Competition Law
82
The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
83
Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
84
The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
IT, RTI, IPR and GST
85
The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties
86
The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions
87
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property
88
Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST
X : Income Tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Income Tax
89
Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
90
International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing
Corporate Tax Planning and Compliance
91
Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations
92
Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns
Master Quick Recall — Complete Revision Sheet
References
References
Master Quick Recall — Complete Revision Sheet